Critical Care Registered Nurse (CCRN) Practice Exam

Which diuretic is commonly used to reduce cerebral edema in head injury patients?

1. Furosemide

2. Mannitol

3. Hydrochlorothiazide

4. Spironolactone

The correct answer is: Mannitol

Mannitol is commonly used to reduce cerebral edema in head injury patients due to its osmotic properties. When administered intravenously, mannitol creates an osmotic gradient that draws water out of the brain tissue and into the vascular space, which helps to decrease swelling and intracranial pressure. This effect is particularly crucial in situations like head trauma, where fluid accumulation can lead to increased intracranial pressure and potentially result in further brain damage or complications. Mannitol is also effective in maintaining renal perfusion in cases of acute kidney injury by promoting diuresis, further supporting its use in critical care settings. It is essential for managing conditions with significant cerebral edema, as other diuretics listed typically target different mechanisms and do not provide the same level of efficacy in reducing intracranial pressure.