Critical Care Registered Nurse (CCRN) Practice Exam

What type of supportive treatment may be required for patients with severe respiratory involvement in Guillain-Barré Syndrome?

1. Continuous ECG monitoring

2. Tracheostomy or intubation

3. Fluid resuscitation

4. Physical therapy

The correct answer is: Tracheostomy or intubation

In cases of Guillain-Barré Syndrome (GBS) with severe respiratory involvement, patients often present with progressive neuromuscular weakness that can lead to respiratory failure. This occurs due to the impact of the syndrome on the peripheral nerves, which can impair the muscular control needed for effective breathing. When a patient's respiratory muscles become weak or paralyzed, they may require advanced airway management to maintain adequate ventilation and oxygenation. Tracheostomy or intubation becomes necessary in these situations to secure the airway and assist with breathing. This intervention allows for mechanical ventilation support when the patient's respiratory effort is insufficient to maintain oxygen and carbon dioxide levels within normal ranges. Timely intervention is crucial because respiratory failure can rapidly become life-threatening. While continuous ECG monitoring, fluid resuscitation, and physical therapy are important care components in the management of GBS, none directly address the immediate and critical need for airway protection and respiratory support in patients with severe respiratory compromise. Therefore, the focus on respiratory support through tracheostomy or intubation is the appropriate and necessary supportive treatment in these cases.