Critical Care Registered Nurse (CCRN) Practice Exam

What is the primary cause of encephalitis as presented in the notes?

1. Viral infections

2. Bacterial infections

3. Fungal infections

4. Allergic reactions

The correct answer is: Viral infections

The primary cause of encephalitis is viral infections. This condition often arises from various viruses, including herpes simplex virus, West Nile virus, and enteroviruses, which can penetrate the blood-brain barrier and cause inflammation of the brain tissue. Viral encephalitis tends to be more prevalent compared to encephalitis caused by bacteria, fungi, or allergic reactions. Bacterial infections can also lead to encephalitis, but they are less common and usually present as secondary to other infections or conditions like meningitis. Fungal infections that might affect the brain are rare and typically occur in immunocompromised patients. Allergic reactions are not a primary cause of encephalitis but can lead to different neurological symptoms. Understanding these distinctions is essential for determining an accurate diagnosis and appropriate treatment for patients presenting with symptoms of encephalitis.