Critical Care Registered Nurse (CCRN) Practice Exam

What is the general prognosis for patients with diffuse axonal injury?

1. Less than 30% mortality

2. Mortality rates of 40-50%

3. High recovery potential with therapy

4. Low risk of complications

The correct answer is: Mortality rates of 40-50%

The prognosis for patients with diffuse axonal injury (DAI) is generally associated with significant mortality rates, often cited in the range of 40-50%. DAI results from severe head trauma and involves widespread damage to the brain's white matter due to acceleration-deceleration forces. This type of injury can lead to extensive neurological impairment, as it disrupts neural connections throughout the brain. The severity of the initial injury and the degree of neurological deficits observed immediately following the trauma are key factors that influence the prognosis. Patients with DAI who demonstrate a comatose state or lack of improvement in their neurological status after a period of observation often have a poorer outcome. Long-term complications can also arise, including persistent vegetative state, locked-in syndrome, or severe cognitive and physical disabilities, thus impacting the individual's overall recovery potential. In contrast, the other options describe aspects that do not accurately reflect the typical outcomes associated with diffuse axonal injury. While there are cases where patients may show some recovery, the overall prognosis highlights the severity of the injury and the associated risks.