Critical Care Registered Nurse (CCRN) Practice Exam

What is a potential rare severe adverse reaction from contrast media used in CTA?

1. Bronchospasm

2. Seizures

3. Local urticaria

4. Pruritus

The correct answer is: Seizures

Seizures can occur as a rare severe adverse reaction to the use of contrast media in computed tomographic angiography (CTA). This can happen particularly in patients with a history of seizures or those who possess an underlying neurological condition. The mechanism behind this reaction may be related to the osmolality of the contrast agent, as well as the pharmacological properties that could potentially trigger neuronal excitability. In the context of CTA, the administration of iodine-based contrast media can also lead to alterations in blood-brain barrier permeability and affect cerebral perfusion, potentially resulting in seizure activity. Recognizing this risk is crucial for healthcare professionals, particularly when considering the clinical history of patients undergoing imaging studies that require contrast administration. The other choices, while potential reactions to contrast media, typically present as less severe and more common than seizures, and their occurrence does not carry the same level of critical concern as seizures in regards to immediate life-threatening effects.